Tetrahymena Stock CenterGlossary of Terms
Selectable Markers
| ANR1 | anisomycin resistance |
| CHX1 | cycloheximide resistance: Located on Chromosome 1R. |
| CMP1 | mitochondrial chloramphenicol resistance: Previously called Cam or CAR. |
| FAR | 2-fluoroadenosine resistance |
| GAL1 | 2-deoxygalactose resistance: Galactokinase mutant located on Chromosome 1R. |
| HGR1 | hygromycin resistance: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| MPR1 | 6-methyl purine resistance: Located on Chromosome 2R. |
| ORY1 | oryzalin resistance |
| PMR1 | paromomycin resistance: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| TXS1 | paclitaxel (taxol) sensitivity: Wild type is resistant. |
| VBL1 | vinblastine resistance |
Alphabetical List of Known Genes
| ATU1 | alpha tubulin 1 |
| AUX3 | unspecified auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 4. |
| AUX5 | unspecified auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| AUX6 | unspecified auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| AUX8 | unspecified auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 4. |
| AUX9 | unspecified auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 4R. |
| BCD1 | broadened cortical domains: Mutation of this gene brings about a broadening of oral and CVP domains. It was originally thought to be non-temperature sensitive, but it is capable of expressing an extreme phenotype at 39 degrees. Homozygotes cannot complete conjugation. Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| BIG1 | big: The mutation increases the size of cells, number of ciliary rows, and size of oral apparatus. Ciliary rows are disorganized, and 10-20% of oral apparatuses are abnormal, with extra membranelles common. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| BTU1 | beta tubulin 1 |
| BTU2 | beta tubulin 2 |
| CDAA | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations fail to form a fission zone at 39 degrees, and end up as irregular monsters; originally published as mo1. On Chromosome 4R, localized to a specific macronuclear chromosome. |
| CDAD | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations cause delayed cell division arrest after shift to 39 degrees; posterior daughter tends to shift anteriorly, forming irregular doublets. Originally published as mo6. Located on chromosome 5. |
| CDAE | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations cause incomplete fission-zone formation at 39 degrees, with arrest in late-cytokinesis, with the new oral apparatus often abnormal and frequently wedged within the arrested furrow. Originally published as mo8. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| CDAF | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations cause late fission arrest with failure of subdivision of some ciliary rows (39 degrees); tend to form elongated chains and some monsters. Originally published as mo12. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| CDAG | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations cause late fission arrest and varied membranellar abnormalities at 39-40 degrees. Pleiotropic and incompletely penetrant. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| CDAH | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations cause fission block, and at an extreme a failure to form a fission zone, with anterior migration of the oral primordium within a sub-surface vesicle (39 degrees). Located on chromosome 5. |
| CDAI | cell-division-arrest: Temperature-sensitive mutations cause unequal fission-arrest ("hammer-head") following an anterior sliding of the oral primordium on the cell surface (at 39 degrees). Chromosome location is unknown. |
| CDAK | cell-division-arrest: This temperature-sensitive mutation causes an unequal fission-arrest with a diagonal and incomplete fission zone, leading to a much smaller anterior daughter, usually arrested in fission. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| CHP1 | temperature sensitive cell cycle, heat shock, and phosphorylation defect: Defective in heat shock response |
| CNA1 | centromere associated H3 histone |
| CON1 | conical cell shape: The mutation brings about conical phenootype with broad posterior end; oral primordium forms near the posterior end of the cell, and the posterior daughter cell is smaller than the anterior daughter. In a mixed D/B strain genetic background. Originally published as co. Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| CON2 | conical cell shape: The mutation brings about conical cell shape; expression slightly more pronounced at 39 degrees than at 28 degrees. Division products are equal in size. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| DBL1 | doublet-former: The mutation causes variable proclivity to form regular homopolar doublets. Penetrance is highly variable. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| DCC1 | defective in ciliogenesis and cytokinesis: Temperature sensitive mutation |
| DISA | disorganized cortex: The mutation brings about a disorganization of ciliary rows that is more extreme the higher the temperature; cell division nonetheless is nearly normal. Located on Chromosome 5. |
| DISD | disorganized cortex: The mutation brings about disorganized ciliary rows at 39-40 degrees C; also reduced number of ciliary rows. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| DOA2 | defective oral apparatus: The temperature-sensitive mutation causes gradual degeneration of the oral apparatus, frequent oral replacement, rounding of the cell, and division blockage at 39 degrees. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| DRH1 | dicer related helicase |
| DYH6 | dynein heavy chain 6 |
| DYH7 | dynein heavy chain 7 |
| ELO1 | elongated: Mutant cells are elongated, with unequal cell division yielding smaller posterior division products. The phenotype is evident at 28 degrees but more extreme at 39 degrees. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| ENJ1 | enhancer of janus: Located on Chromosome 3. |
| EXO1 | secretory mutant: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| EXO3 | secretory mutant: Located on Chromosome 3. |
| EXOA1 | secretory mutant: Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| EXOB1 | secretory mutant: Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| FAT2 | fat cell body: Formerly known as FATB. Mutants are somewhat pudgy but otherwise completely normal. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| FAT4 | fat cell body: Formerly known as FATD. Mutants have a rounded cell shape, but otherwise completely normal. Located on chromosome 5. |
| FER1 | iron requiring auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 4R. |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| GPCR3 | G protein-coupled receptor 3 |
| GPCR6 | G protein-coupled receptor 6 |
| GPCR8 | G protein-coupled receptor 8 |
| GTU1 | gamma tubulin 1 |
| HHO1 | histone H1 |
| HHT1 | histone H3.1 |
| HHT2 | histone H3.2 |
| HHT3 | histone H3.3 |
| HHT4 | histone H3.4 |
| HMGB | high mobility group B |
| HMGC | high mobility group C |
| HPO1 | hypoangular: These mutations bring about a complex phenotype with contractive vacuole pores abnormally close to the oral apparatus, and clockwise slippage of oral primordia. Other patterning defects appear at high temperature: hpo1-1 and hpo1-4 have weak expression at 28 degrees and very strong expression at 39 degrees; hpo1-2 and hpo1-3 have moderate expression at 28 degrees and somewhat stronger expression at 39 degrees. hpo1-1 originally published as hpo1; hpo1-2 originally published as hpo2; hpo1-3 originally published as hpo3. Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| HTA3 | histone H2A.Z: Also called histone hv1. |
| HTAY | histone H2A.Y |
| JANA | janus: These mutations brings a "janus" phenotype to expression, with partially reversed oral apparatus on the dorsal surface and two contractile-vacuole pore sets on one side of the cell. Flattened cell shape. Not temperature sensitive. Depends on a gene-specific enhancer (enjA) for maximal expression. Homozygotes cannot complere conjugation. janA-1 originally published as jan. Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| JANB | janus: The temperature-sensitive mutation expresses a "janus" phenotype: partially reversed oral apparatus on the dorsal surface; two contractile-vacuole pore sets. Located on Chromosome 2. |
| JANC | janus: Mutations bring about a strong "janus" phenotype: partially reversed oral apparatus on the dorsal surface; two contractile-vacuole pore sets. Flattened cell shape. Not temperature sensitive. Homozygotes can complere conjugation normally., Located on Chromosome 1R. |
| LKN1 | low kinety (ciliary-row) number: Mutations bring about thinner cells with a reduced number of ciliary rows combined with a reduced fidelity in transmission of pre-existing row numbers, probably owing to interruptions and irregularities in the rows. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| MAT1 | mating type potentialities: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| MLH | micronucleus linker histone |
| MPC | altered membranellar-pattern: Mutations cause the formation of a fourth membranelle in the oral apparatus. Penetrance is higher at 39 degrees than at 28 degrees. Located on Chromosome 3L. |
| MPD | altered membranellar-pattern: Mutations express a temperature-sensitive formation of four or five well-formed membranelles in the oral apparatus. The cells become long and slender. Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| MPF | altered membranellar-pattern: The temperature-sensitive mutation results in short and multiple membranelles, and a characteritically shortened undulating membrane, all expressed at restrictive temperature (39 degrees) only. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| MPG | altered membranellar-pattern: The mutation brings about a "trihymena" form, with non-conditional formation of two instead of three membranelles in the oral apparatus. Located on Chromosome 4. |
| MPH | altered membranellar-pattern: The mutation brings about a "trihymena" form, with non-conditional formation of two instead of three membranelles in the oral apparatus, at a somewhat lower frequency than mpG-1. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| MTT1 | Cd-inducible metallothionein gene |
| MTT2 | Cu-inducible metallothionein gene |
| MUM1 | misaligned undulating membrane: The mutation shows non-temperature-sensitive fragmentation of the undulating membrane. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| OAD1 | outer arm deficient: Temperature sensitive mutation affecting assembly of the outer dynein arm into cilia. |
| PDD2 | programmed DNA degradation protein 2 |
| PDD3 | programmed DNA degradation protein 3 |
| PIG4 | tyrosine dependent pigment producer: Located on Chromosome 3. |
| PSMA | pseudomacrostome: Mutations bring about an elongated phenotype with development of large oral-replacement or misplaced cell division oral primordia. All alleles are temperature sensitive, but to varying degrees. Located on chromosome 5. |
| PSMB | pseudomacrostome: The pleiotropic temperature sensitive mutation brings about an elongated phenotype with development of large oral-replacement or misplaced pre-cell-division oral primordia, with smaller posterior daughter cells. Lower penetrance than psmA1 and psmA3. Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| RMM1 | cis-acting elements affecting control of rDNA replication: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| RSEB1 | immobilization antigen regulator: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| RSEC1 | immobilization antigen regulator: Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| RSED1 | immobilization antigen regulator: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| SCR1 | screwy: The mutation causes ciliary rows to be helically wound around the cell. Chromosome location is unknown. This gene was published under the name TWI1, and later renamed SCR1 to avoid confusion with the piwi-homologue that had previously been named TWI1. |
| SERH1 | immobilization antigen structural locus: Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| SQT1 | squat: The mutant is shortened, with an ovoid shape. Not temperature-sensitive. Chromosome location is unknown. |
| THY1 | thymidine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS10 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS101 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1R. |
| TS102 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3L. |
| TS103 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| TS104 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| TS105 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS106 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3. |
| TS107 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS108 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS109 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS11 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 4R. |
| TS11 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS110 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS112 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS114 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS12 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS14 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1R. |
| TS15 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS16 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 4. |
| TS17 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1R. |
| TS18 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 4. |
| TS19 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS20 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS21 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3L. |
| TS22 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS23 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS24 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS25 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS26 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS27 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS28 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS29 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| TS30 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 5. |
| TS32 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| TS33 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| TS34 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| TS35 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2. |
| TS36 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2. |
| TS37 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2. |
| TS38 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2. |
| TS39 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2. |
| TS5 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TS6 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 1R. |
| TS7 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| TS8 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| TS9 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 4. |
| TSA1 | temperature sensitive: Located on Chromosome 3R. |
| TYR10 | tyrosine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TYR14 | tyrosine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TYR19 | tyrosine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TYR9 | tyrosine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| TYRA | tyrosine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| TYRB | tyrosine auxotroph: May be deficient in unconjugated pteridine biosynthesis. Located on Chromosome 2R. |
| TYRC | tyrosine auxotroph: Deficient in phenylalanine hydroxylase. Located on Chromosome 4L. |
| TYRD | tyrosine auxotroph: May be deficient in unconjugated pteridine biosynthesis. Located on Chromosome 2L. |
| TYRE | tyrosine auxotroph: Located on Chromosome 1. |
| UBC2 | E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme |